MASALAH MURID DISLEKSIA DAN GAYA PENGAJARAN GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARAB [PROBLEMS OF DYSLEXIA STUDENTS AND TEACHINGS STYLE FOR LEARNING OF ARABIC LANGUAGE]
Keywords:
Masalah Pembelajaran, Gaya Pembelajaran, Membaca, Menulis, Disleksia, Bahasa Arab, Learning Problems, Learning Styles, Reading, Writing, Dyslexia, ArabicAbstract
Abstrak: Disleksia merupakan satu gejala yang berkait rapat dengan bahasa khususnya mengenai kesedaran fonem. Murid disleksia akan mengalami masalah apabila berhadapan dengan dua jenis fitur huruf yang kompleks iaitu dalam bahasa pertama (ibunda) dan bahasa kedua. Hal ini kerana, dalam bahasa Arab, terdapat beberapa bentuk konsonan yang hampir sama seperti huruf ب,ت،ث، dan ط, ت, ة yang akan menyebabkan murid disleksia mengalami kekeliruan. Maka, kajian ini bertujuan meneroka masalah dan tindak balas murid disleksia semasa proses membaca dan menulis perkataan dalam bahasa Arab. Selain itu, tujuan kajian ini juga adalah untuk mengenal pasti gaya pengajaran yang digunakan oleh guru Bahasa Arab dalam berhadapan dengan murid disleksia semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlangsung. Kajian ini merupakan kajian kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah temubual separa berstruktur. Dua orang peserta terlibat dalam kajian ini yang terdiri daripada seorang guru Bahasa Arab dan seorang murid disleksia. Dua jenis set soalan yang terdiri daripada lapan soalan yang berbeza digunakan untuk menjawab kedua-dua persoalan kajian. Temubual dijalankan sebanyak tiga kali dan beberapa tema dibina melalui transkrip temubual. Seterusnya, data dianalisis secara deskriptif mengikut pengkategorian tema tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat lima masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh murid disleksia iaitu masalah dalam kemahiran menulis, masalah dalam membaca perkataan yang sukar dan tidak dikenali, masalah pengecaman bunyi huruf yang betul dan hampir sama, masalah pengecaman bentuk huruf yang hampir sama dan berlaku penambahan huruf yang tidak perlu semasa menulis. Tambahan pula, gaya yang digunakan oleh guru tersebut semasa sesi pengajaran ialah mementingkan kefahaman makna berbanding menghafaz kosa kata, menggunakan kaedah ‘fun learning’ seperti nyanyian, permainan dan aktiviti serta penggunaan gaya ‘kerap bertanya’. Kesimpulannya, murid yang mengalami disleksia bukannya seorang yang lemah dan tidak boleh berjaya, namun, mereka memerlukan sokongan dan gaya pembelajaran yang sesuai supaya mereka dapat memahami Bahasa Arab dengan baik.
Abstract: Dyslexia is a symptom that is closely related to language especially regarding phoneme awareness. A dyslexia student will have problems when faced with two types of complex letter features, namely in the first language (mother tongue) and the second language. This is because, in Arabic, there are several forms of consonants that are very similar such as the letters ب, ت ، ث ، and ط, ت, ة that will cause dyslexic students to experience confusion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the problems and responses of dyslexia students during the process of reading and writing words in Arabic. In addition, the purpose of this study is also to identify the style used by Arabic teachers in dealing with dyslexia students during the teaching and learning process. This study is a descriptive qualitative study that uses a semi -structured interview method for two study participants consisting of an Arabic teacher and a dyslexia student. Two types of question sets consisting of eight different questions were used to answer the two research questions. Interviews were conducted three times and several themes were constructed through interview transcripts. The data were analyzed descriptively according to the categorization of the theme. The results of the study found that there are five main problems faced by dyslexia students which is problems in writing skills, problems in reading difficult and unfamiliar words, problems in recognizing the sound of letters that are correct and almost the same, problems in recognizing the shape of letters that are almost the same and unnecessary addition of letters while writing. In addition, the style used by the teacher during the teaching session is to emphasize the understanding of meaning rather than memorizing vocabulary, using ‘fun learning’ methods such as singing, games and activities as well as the use of ‘frequently asked questions’ style. In conclusion, students with dyslexia are not a weak person and cannot succeed, however, they need appropriate support and style so that they can understand Arabic very well.
References
Ary Anggriawan. 2018. The Effect of Crossword Puzzle Games in Reading and Writing Ability Toward Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Students in Elementary School. Surabaya: State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
Abdul Rasid Jamian, Shamsudin Othman & Humaizah Hashim. 2012. Persepsi guru terhadap penggunaan kartun dalam transformasi pengajaran penulisan karangan Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu 2(1): 129-140.
Abdul Rasid Jamian & Hasmah Ismail. 2013. Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Menyeronokkan Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu –JPBM (Malay Language Education Journal – MyLEJ) 3(1).
Abdul Rasid Jamian. 2011. Permasalahan Kemahiran Membaca dan Menulis Bahasa Melayu Murid-Murid Sekolah Rendah di Luar Bandar. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu –JPBM (Malay Language Education Journal – MyLEJ) 1(1).
Azizurohmah. 2017. Strategi Guru Dalam Menangani Kesulitan Belajar Disleksia Pada Pembelajaran Kelas III B di Mi Islamiyah Jabung Malang. Tesis. Surabaya: Universiti Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.
Carlson, N. R. 1994. Physiology of behavior (5th ed.): Allyn & Bacon.
Davis,Ronald Dell & EldonBraun. 2010. The Gift of Dyslexia:Why Some of the Smartest People Can't Read and How They Can Learn: Perige.
Edwards, D., & Mercer, N. 1987. Common knowledge. The development of understanding in the classroom. London: Methuen.
Emine Balci & Aybala Cayir. 2018. Reading Performance Profile of Children with Dyslexia in Primary and Secondary School Students. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(1).
Heikki Lyytinen & Jane Erskine. 2016. Early Identification and Prevention of Reading Problems. Learning Disabilities.
Intan Amalia. 2016. Kesulitan Membaca Kata Pada Anak Disleksia Usia 7-12 Tahun di Sekolah Inklusif Galuh Handayani Surabaya: Kajian Psikolinguistik. Tesis. Surabaya: Universiti Airlangga.
International Dyslexia Association. 2017. Dyslexia in the Classroom What Every Teacher Needs To Know.
Jamilah Ahmad. 1999. Panduan Pengajaran Pemulihan Bahasa Melayu KBSR. Shah Alam: Penerbit Fajar Bakti.
Karlina Helmanita. 2016. Hambatan Membaca Aksara Arab Bagi Anak Disleksia di Sanggar Baca Jendela Dunia. Mimbar Sejarah, Sastra Budaya dan Agama. Jakarta: t.pt.
Levinson, H.N. 1994. A solution to the Riddle Dyslexia. New York: Springer
Mercer, D. 1987. Students with Learning Disabilities: Merril.
Nurul Farhanan Bakar & Mohd Jasmy Abd Rahman. 2018. Prevalence Murid Berisiko dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan Universiti Awam 2018. UNISZA.
Noka Syafila Fauzia. 2019. Strategi Pembelajaran Membaca Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Kosakata pada Siswa Disleksia. Tesis. Surabaya: Universiti Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Noor Aina Dani & Subramanian. 2004. Disleksia dalam Aspek Bacaan Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Bahasa, 4.
Piaget, J. 1958. The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence. New York: Basic Books.
Rajesvari Ramasamy. 2008. Masalah Disleksia Dalam Kalangan Murid-Murid Pemulihan Di Sekolah Rendah Pulau Pinang. Tesis. Pulau Pinang: Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Raija Pirttimaa, Marjatta Takala & Tarja Ladonlahti. 2015. Students in Higher Education with Reading and Writing Difficulties. Education Inquiry, 6(1).
Rauno Parilla & Athanassions Protopapas. 2017. Dyslexia and Word Reading Problems. t.tp.: t.pt.
Rohaty Mohd Majzub & Shafie Mohd Nor. 2005. Simpton Disleksia Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan (30). 3-19.
Roslan Chin & Nurahimah Yusoff. 2017. Penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Untuk Menguasai Kemahiran Membaca dalam Kalangan Murid Pemulihan Khas. Proceeding of ICSOTL. Kedah: Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Perli, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Samsunuwiyati, Mar’at. 2005. Psikolinguistik Suatu Pengantar. Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Sharifah Nawirah binti Syed Hassan. 2016. Model Pemulihan Disleksia Davis dalam Pemebelajaran Kanak-Kanak Disleksia. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 4(1).
Shaywitz , S.E., Shaywitz, B.A. & Fulbright, R. 2003: Dyslexia: Specific reading disability. Pediatric Review, (24), 147-153.
Shaywitz, B.A., Fletcher, J.M., & Shaywitz, S.E. 1995. Defining and classifying learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Child Neurology, 10, 507-57.
Tamam Timbang, Zamri Mahamod & Afendi Hamat. 2011. Faktor dan Kesan Masalah Membaca dalam Kalangan Murid Sekolah Rendah Kerajaan di Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 1(1).
Tilly Mortimore & W. Ray Crozier. 2006. Dyslexia and Difficulties with Study Skills in Higher Education. Society for Research into Higher Education. 31(2).
Vijayaletchumy a/p Subramaniam. 2003. Disleksia dalam Aspek Bacaan Bahasa Melayu. Tesis. Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Wong Ching Yee Sharon. 2015. Reading Problems and Treatments with Dyslexia- Is Too Late for Remedy in Adulthood?. Tesis. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong.
Yahya Othman & Dayang Raini Pakar. 2011. Kesan perisian cerita interaktif semasa mengajarkan kemahiran bacaan dan kefahaman dalam kalangan pelajar tahun 4 di Brunei Darussalam. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 1(1): 27-49.
ZailahZainudin. 2012. Didik Hibur. IPG Kampus Raja Melewar.
Zunus Tri Prasetya. 2017. Metode Fernald Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Pada Anak Disleksia. Tesis. Universiti Muhammadiyah Malang