FATH AL-DZARI’AH WA ATHARUHA FI AL-TAWARRUQ [THE CONCEPT OF ‘FATH AL-DZARI’AH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TAWARRUQ]
Keywords:
Fath al-Dzari'ah, Tawarruq, Organized TawarruqAbstract
Abstract: In light of continuous global developments, rapid shifts in socio-economic dynamics, and the increasing integration of individuals into a technologically advanced and financially complex world, human needs and obligations have grown proportionately. Modern circumstances have rendered it increasingly difficult to avoid contemporary financial tools and systems, as the pursuit of essential human necessities—such as food, clothing, and shelter—has become a fundamental imperative. Without fulfilling these basic needs, individuals are left in hardship and distress. The socio-economic realities of the past are no longer adequate for addressing the demands of today. Consequently, many individuals are compelled to seek alternative means to bridge financial gaps—often resorting to impermissible avenues such as riba (usury) and interest-based loans. This represents a serious ethical and legal dilemma within the framework of Islamic finance. In an effort to mitigate these challenges and offer permissible alternatives grounded in Shariah, Muslim scholars have developed various mechanisms that align with Islamic legal and ethical principles. These mechanisms affirm the comprehensiveness, flexibility, realism, idealism, and wisdom of Islamic law, which is capable of addressing contemporary issues with well-founded solutions. One such Shariah-compliant financial mechanism is tawarruq, presented as an alternative to conventional interest-bearing loans. This paper explores the application of the legal maxim fath al-zarī‘ah (opening the means) and its implications in the context of modern tawarruq transactions. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study aims to critically assess the positive and negative dimensions of tawarruq in its contemporary form. Key findings from this research include: Tawarruq has provided a viable solution to numerous Shariah-related financial dilemmas, particularly by facilitating access to liquidity without engaging in riba-based transactions. It serves as a legitimate avenue for lawful income generation and contributes to the expansion of commercial activities and the broader economic landscape. The approach exemplifies innovation in Islamic finance through the development of alternative solutions that are practical, diversified, and governed by religious guidelines. Furthermore, tawarruq mitigates the ethical and legal discomfort commonly associated with conventional loans—such as borrower dependence and creditor vulnerability to repayment delays—by substituting them with structured sale and purchase agreements that provide liquidity in a more flexible and Shariah-compliant manner.
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