AL-NIZAM AL-ISTIBDADI AL-SIYASI: ASBABUHU WA MAZAHIRUHU WA AHAMMU SUWARIHI [THE AUTHORITARIAN POLITICAL REGIME: ITS CAUSES, MANIFESTATIONS AND ITS MOST IMPORTANT PROGRESSIVES]
Keywords:
system, authoritarianism, politics, foundations, appearancesAbstract
Abstract: : Islam came as a religion of peace and did not differentiate between establishing prayer and establishing Justice and the appointment of governors and rulers, and the Prophet and his companions applied this best Implementation, except that with the people’s distance from the era of prophecy and the differences that occurred between them, this led to the emergence of some abnormal trends and deviant groups and made its concept of the state And its view of governance is an unfair view that relies on oppression and is based on tyranny and authoritarianism, and here the political problem arises with the content of its pillar: the extent to which this regime is able to carry out its duties and what are its causes. Herein lies the problem of this research. This research aims: to arrive at a correct understanding of the concept of tyranny and its system, in order to find out its causes and manifestations, and to reveal what the tyrannical regimes adopted and the dire results and painful consequences that they lead to that threaten the people and the country, and this is something that happens as a result of their tyranny and tyranny. This research has relied: On the inductive method: It is used to trace the special concept of the authoritarian regime, as well as to show its reasons, most important images and texts related to it, using the descriptive analytical method. The researcher reached a number of results, including: The authoritarian political regime in the Islamic world has a strong relationship with the civilizational decline of the Islamic nation. And that tyrannical regimes are based only on repression and intimidation and terror of people, all people must be subordinate to the tyrannical ruler. The existence of an authoritarian regime produces class differentiation among the members of a single society, and then it becomes in the form of a law that protects the strong from the weak.
References
Al-Qur’an al-Karim
‘Awdah ‘Abd al-Qadir. 1981. Al-Islam wa Awda’una al-Siyasah. Bayrut: Mu’assasat al-Risalah.
Al-‘Uthaymin, Muhammad bin Salih bin Muhammad. 1438-1439. Liqa’at al-Bab al-Maftuh, Naqlan ‘an: al-Istibdad bi al-Hukm wa Aliyat Muwajihatihi. t.tp.: t.pt.
Al’Aqad, ‘Abas Mahmud. t.th. Falasifat al-Hukm fi al-‘Asr al-Hadith. t.tp.: t.pt.
Badr al-Rifa’i. 1992. Dibat al-Jaysh fi al-Siyasah wa al-Mujtama’ al-‘Arabi. Al-Qahirah: Dar Sina.
Al-Baqilani, Muhammad bin al-Tayyib bin Muhammad bin Ja’far bin al-Qasim. 1987. Tamhid al-Awa’il fi Talkhis al-Dala’il. Bayrut: Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqafiyyah.
Al-Bayani, Munir Hamid. 2011. Al-Nizam al-Siyasi al-Islami Muqaranan bi al-Dawlah al-Qanuniyyah. Jordan: Dar al-Nafa’is.
Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr Ahmad bin al-Husayn bin ‘Ali. 1999. Al-Sunan al-Kubra. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr bin al-Husayn. 1970. Manaqib al-Shafi’i. Al-Qahirah: Maktabah Dar al-Turath.
Burhan Zariq. 2016. Al-Istibdadi al-Siyasi. Wizarat al-I’lam al-Suriyyah.
Al-Farra’, Abu Ya’la Muhammad bin al-Husayn. 1983. Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Fayruz Abadi. 2005. Al-Qamus al-Muhit. Bayrut: Mu’assasat al-Risalah li al-Taba’ah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzi’.
Hasan Samir ‘Abd Allah wa Akharun. 2014. Al-Fikr al-Siyasi al-Hadith wa al-Mu’asir. Syria: Jami’ah Dimashq.
Hilal Nabil. t.th. Al-Istibdad wa Dawruhu fi Inhitat al-Muslimin. Mesir: al-Maktabah al-Jami’yyah.
Ibn Abd al-Bar, Abu Yusuf bin ‘Abd Allah al-Namiri al-Qurtubi. t.th. Bahjat al-Majalis wa Unas al-Majalis. Bayrut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ibn Abi al-Hadid ‘Abd al-Hamid bin Hibat Allah. t.th. Sharh Nahj al-Balaghah. Bayrut: Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah.
Ibn al-Haddad Muhammad bin Mansur bin Habish. 1996. Al-Jawhar al-Nafis fi Siyasat al-Ra’is. Al-Riyad: Maktabah Nizar Mustafa al-Bariz.
Ibn Battal, Abu al-Hasan ‘Ali bin Khalaf bin ‘Abd al-Malik. 2003. Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. al-Riyad: Maktabat al-Rushd.
Ibn Hanbal, Abu ‘Abd Allah Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hilal bin Asad al-Shaybani. 1995. Musnad al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal. Bayrut: Mu’assasat al-Risalah.
Ibn Hisham. 1955. Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah. Mesir: Matba’ah Mustafa al-Babi.
Ibn Manzur, Muhammad bin Mukram bin ‘Ali Abu al-Fadl, Jamal al-Din al-Ansari. 1993. Lisan al-‘Arab. Bayrut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi.
Ibn Qudamah, Abu Muhammad Muwafaq al-Din ‘Abd Allah bin Ahmad bin Muhammad. 1968. Al-Mughni. Al-Qahirah: Maktabat al-Qahirah.
Ibn Taymiyyah, Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin ‘Abd al-Halim bin ‘Abd al-Salam al-Hanbali al-Dimashqi. 1986. Minhaj al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah fi Naqd Kalam al-Shi’ah al-Qadariyyah. Al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabiyyah al-Sa’udiyyah: Jami’at al-Imam Muhammad bin Sa’ud al-Islamiyyah.
Ibrahim ‘Abd al-‘Aziz. 2003. Al-Qada’ al-Idari. Al-Iskandariyyah: Mansha’at al-Ma’arif.
Ja’far Daraji. 2009. Al-Tawazun bayn al-Sultah wa al-Hurriyah fi al-Anzimah al-Dusturiyyah. Oman: Dar al-Hamid.
Al-Jaraf Ta’imah. 1967. Mabadi’ Tarikh al-Qanun. Al-Qahirah: Dar al-Nahdah al-‘Arabiyyah.
Al-Kawakibi, ‘Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad bin Mas’ud. t.th. Tabai’ al-Istibdad wa Masari’ al-Isti’bad. Halab-Syria: al-Matba’ah al-‘Asriyyah.
Majid Raghib al-Hulwu. 2011. Al-Dawlah fi Mizan al-Shari’ah. Al-Iskandariyyah: Dar al-Jami’ah al-Jadidah.
Muhammad ‘Abduh. 1993. Al-‘Amal al-Kamilah li al-Imam al-Shaykh. Bayrut: Dar al-Shuruq.
Muhammad Kamal al-Din Imam. 1986. Usul al-Hisbah fi al-Islam. al-Qahirah: Dar al-Hidayah.
Muslim, Abu al-Husayn Muslim bin al-Hajjaj al-Qushayri al-Naysaburi. 2014. Sahih Muslim. Al-Qahirah: Dar al-Ta’sil.
Al-Nawawi, Abu Zakariyya Muhyi al-Din Yahya bin Sharaf. 1991. Rawdat al-Talibin wa ‘Umdat al-Muftin. Bayrut: al-Maktab al-Islamiyy.
Plato. 2000. Jumhuriyyat Aflaton. Al-Iskandariyyah: Dar al-Wafa’ li Dunia al-Taba’ah wa al-Nashr.
Rida Ahmad. 1996. Mu’jam Matan al-Lughah. Bayrut: Dar Maktabat al-Hayah.
Sa’id Ramadan. t.th. Al-Dawlah al-Islamiyyah. Suwisra: al-Markaz al-Islamiyy.
Sayyid Qutub. 1412. Fi Zilal al-Qur’an. Bayrut: Dar al-Shuruq.
Al-Shawkani, Muhammad bin ‘Ali bin Muhammad. 1973. Nayl al-Awtar min Ahadith Sayyid al-Akhbar Sharh Muntaqa al-Akhyar. Bayrut: Dar al-Jayl.
Al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir bin Yazid bin Kathir bin Ghalib al-Amili, Abu Ja’far. 1387. Tarikh al-Tabari. Bayrut: Dar al-Turath.
Tahan, Muhammad Jamal. t.th. Al-Istibdad wa Bada’iluhu fi al-Fikr al-‘Arabi al-Hadith, al-Kawakibi Unmuzajan. t.tp.: t.pt.
Thana’ ‘Abd al-Rashid Muhammad. t.th. Min al-Istibdad ila al-Thawrah Qira’ah Jadidah fi Fikr al-Kawakibi. Majallat Buhuth Kulliyat al-Adab Jamiah Janub al-Wadi.
Yasmin Kamil Mansur. 2012. Dirasah fi Mafhum al-Istibdad al-Siyasi – al-Hiwar al-Mutamadan. No. 754.
Al-Zahabi, Shams al-Din Abu ‘Abd Allah Muhammad bin Ahmad bin ‘Uthman. 1402. Siyar A’lam al-Nubala’. Bayrut: Mu’assasat al-Risalah.
