SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION: EXPLORING THE NEXUS BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS AND SOCIETAL DYNAMICS IN INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract: The sociology of education examines the complex relationship between education systems and social structures, revealing how education can both perpetuate and challenge social inequality. In Indonesia, this field is particularly relevant given the diversity of the socioeconomic, cultural, and political landscape that significantly influences its education system. Previous research has highlighted the dual role of education in maintaining the status quo and facilitating social mobility, showing that education systems often reflect prevailing power structures. This study aims to explore the relationship between the education system and social dynamics in Indonesia, focusing on how education reflects and influences social stratification, mobility, and inequality. The study also aims to uncover the mechanisms of hidden social reproduction and discrimination in the context of Indonesian education. The study uses a systematic literature review and theoretical analysis approach, synthesizing qualitative and quantitative evidence from government reports, academic publications, international organization assessments, and education policy documents. The analysis reveals that the Indonesian education system plays an important role in social reproduction, often perpetuating existing social hierarchies. Discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status is common, affecting students' educational outcomes and opportunities. Although the education system tends to maintain social stratification, there are examples where education has facilitated social mobility and challenged societal norms, particularly through policy reforms and innovative educational practices.